Arctic Tern, photo by Peter Taylor
How do I recognize it?
There are three species of tern in Manitoba that look very similar. All have slender bodies, long, narrow wings, long, forked tails and black caps. Arctic Tern differs from the others by its darker grey underparts, bloodred bill without a black tip, and even shorter legs than the similar Forster’s and Common Terns.
Arctic Tern photo by Rudolf Koes
Does it migrate?
As most birders know, Arctic Terns make the longest annual migration of any species of bird. From their northern breeding grounds they fly all the way to the edge of pack ice in Antarctica to spend our winter. Hence it sees more sunlight than any other species on earth.
Arctic Tern photo by Rudolf Koes
Where does it live?
Arctic Terns nest in circumpolar regions of North America and Eurasia. In western Europe they breed a bit farther south, in more temperate coastal regions. They nest, usually colonially, along seashores, along rivers, at large lakes and tundra ponds.
Arctic Tern photo by Rudolf Koes
Where can I see it?
Although there are a few migration-period records for southern Manitoba, the only guaranteed way to see it in the province is to visit the Hudson Bay coast in summer. It is a common bird at Churchill from late May – early June to late August – early September. At that time large numbers are found feeding in the mouth of the Churchill River and at many of the ponds and lakes in the area.
Arctic Tern photo by Rudolf Koes
Conservation Status
The species is listed as Least Concern. Potential threats include human disturbance at colonies, degradation of nesting habitat and reductions in fish stocks.
Did you know?
Prior to the enactment of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918, Arctic Terns were heavily persecuted for their feathers, which often adorned ladies’ hats. Sometimes whole stuffed birds were perched atop these hats. The species has made a remarkable recovery since that time, partly due to its longevity – its lifespan averages 30 years.
Written by Rudolf Koes